Japan is the fifth country in history to reach the moon.
ADVERTISEMENTJapan’s space agency said on Thursday that its first lunar mission hit the tiny patch of the moon's surface it was aiming for, in a successful demonstration of its pinpoint landing system, although the probe appears to be lying upside-down.
The Smart Lander for Investigating Moon, or SLIM, touched down on the Moon early on Saturday.
But trouble with the probe's solar batteries made it hard at first to figure out whether the probe landed in the target zone.
While most previous probes have used landing zones about 10 kilometres wide, SLIM was aiming at a target of just 100 metres. Improved accuracy would give scientists access to more of the moon since probes could be placed nearer to obstacles.
One of the lander's main engines lost thrust about 50 metres above the moon's surface, causing a harder landing than planned.
A pair of autonomous probes released by SLIM before landing sent back images of the box-shaped vehicle on the surface, although it appeared to be upside down.
After a few days of data analysis, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) determined that the spacecraft landed about 55 metres away from its target, in between two craters near the Shioli crater, a region covered in volcanic rock.
But after the landing mishap, the craft's solar panels wound up facing the wrong direction, and it cannot generate power. Officials said there is still hope the probe will be able to recharge when the Moon enters its daytime in the coming days.
JAXA project manager Shinichiro Sakai said the images sent back were just like those he'd imagined and seen in computer renderings.
“Something we designed travelled all the way to the moon and took that snapshot. I almost fell down when I saw it,” he said. For the pinpoint landing, Sakai said, he would give SLIM a “perfect score.”
“We demonstrated that we can land where we want,” Sakai said. “We opened a door to a new era.”
LEV-1, a hopping robot equipped with an antenna and a camera, was tasked with recording SLIM’s landing and transmitting images back to Earth. LEV-2 is a baseball-sized rover equipped with two cameras, developed by JAXA together with Sony, toymaker Tomy Co. and Doshisha University.
The two autonomous probes frame and select images independently, both using LEV-1's antenna to send them back to base.
Daichi Hirano, a JAXA scientist who designed LEV-2, also known as Sora-Q, said it selected images containing SLIM and nearby lunar surface and transmitted the images through LEV-1, making the pair the world's first to achieve the mission. Despite the rush, the probes captured and transmitted 275 images.
Japan followed the United States, the Soviet Union, China and India to reach the moon surface.
The project was the fruit of two decades of work on precision technology by JAXA.
JAXA has a track record with difficult landings. Its Hayabusa2 spacecraft, launched in 2014, touched down twice on the 900-metre-long asteroid Ryugu, collecting samples that were returned to Earth.
SLIM, nicknamed “the Moon Sniper,” was intended to seek clues about the origin of the moon, including analysing minerals with a special camera.
ADVERTISEMENTSLIM was launched on a Mitsubishi Heavy H2A rocket in September. It initially orbited Earth and entered lunar orbit on December 25.
Japan hopes to regain confidence in its space technology after a number of failures. A spacecraft designed by a Japanese company crashed during a lunar landing attempt in April, and a new flagship rocket failed its debut launch in March.
