The centre-left Labour Party prime minister isn't a natural ally of Giorgia Meloni, who heads the far-right Brothers of Italy party, yet the two sides hope to work together to reduce irregular migration to Europe and improve the UK's relations with the rest of the continent.
ADVERTISEMENTUK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has said he wants to understand how his Italian counterpart Giorgia Meloni achieved "dramatic reductions" in the number of migrants reaching Italy's shores by boat.
His comments came after the two premiers met in Rome on Monday, and after a weekend that saw at least eight seaborne migrants die off the French coast.
Meloni greeted Starmer with a military honour guard for the meeting at the Villa Doria Pamphili, a 17th-century mansion set in a large park not far from the Vatican.
The centre-left Labour Party prime minister isn't a natural ally of Meloni, who heads the far-right Brothers of Italy party. But migration has climbed the UK political agenda, and Starmer hopes Italy's tough approach can help him stop people fleeing war and poverty trying to cross the English Channel in flimsy, overcrowded boats.
More than 22,000 migrants have made the perilous crossing from France so far this year, a slight increase compared to the same period in 2023.
Several dozen people have perished in the attempt, including the eight killed when a boat carrying some 60 people ran aground on rocks late Saturday. The same day, 14 boats carrying 801 migrants reached the UK.
The number of migrants arriving in Italy by boat in the first half of this year was down 60% from 2023, according to the country's interior ministry.
Starmer said Italy had seen "some quite dramatic reductions. So I want to understand how that came about."
"It looks as though that's down to the upstream work that's been done in some of the countries where people are coming from," he told British broadcasters in Rome. "I've long believed, by the way, that prevention and stopping people travelling in the first place is one of the best ways to deal with this particular issue."
Meloni pledged a crackdown on migration after taking office in 2022, aiming to deter would-be refugees from paying smugglers to make the dangerous Mediterranean crossing to Italy.
Her nationalist conservative government has signed deals with individual African countries to block departures, imposed limits on the work of humanitarian rescue ships, cracked down on traffickers and taken measures to deter people from setting off.
Italy also has signed a deal with Albania under which some adult male migrants rescued at sea while trying to reach Italy would be taken instead to Albania while their asylum claims are processed.
Starmer wants to learn from Italy's mix of tough enforcement and international cooperation. Responding to a question on whether he would seek a similar agreement to the Italy-Albania deal before he headed to Rome, the prime minister said: "Let's see. It's in early days, I'm interested in how that works, I think everybody else is."
Italy's approach however has been criticised by refugee groups and others alarmed by Europe's increasingly strict asylum rules, growing xenophobia and hostile treatment of migrants.
The leader of Italy's right-wing League, Matteo Salvini, who is deputy prime minister in Meloni's government, has been accused by prosecutors of alleged kidnapping for his decision to prevent a rescue ship carrying more than 100 migrants from landing in Italy when he was interior minister in 2019.
ADVERTISEMENTBritish Home Secretary Yvette Cooper however defended the government's decision to seek advice from Italy's right-wing administration, saying "we've always had a history of working with governments that have different political parties that are not aligned".
She said the UK was interested in Italy's experience in fighting organised crime, as well as its deals with countries such as Tunisia to stop migrants' journeys before they reach the sea, and its deal with Albania.
"I don't think it’s immoral to go after the criminal gangs," Cooper told the BBC. "Quite the opposite. I think it's actually a moral imperative to make sure that we are pursuing the criminal gangs who are putting lives at risk."
Starmer toured Italy's national immigration crime coordination centre with newly appointed UK Border Security Commander Martin Hewitt. The government says Hewitt, a former head of the UK's National Police Chiefs' Council, will work with law enforcement and intelligence agencies in the UK and across Europe to tackle people-smuggling networks.
ADVERTISEMENTSoon after being elected in July, Starmer scrapped the Conservatives' contentious plan to send asylum-seekers who cross the Channel to Rwanda, about 6,400 kilometres away, with no chance of returning to the UK even if their refugee claims were successful.
The Conservatives said the deportation plan would act as a deterrent, but refugee and human rights groups called it unethical, judges ruled it illegal and Starmer dismissed it as an expensive gimmick. He has, though, expressed an interest in striking agreements like the one Italy has with Albania that would see asylum-seekers sent temporarily to another country.
Support for Ukraine is also on the agenda for the trip, part of Starmer's effort to reset relations with European neighbours after Britain's acrimonious 2020 departure from the European Union.
Unlike some politicians on the European right, Meloni is a staunch supporter of Ukraine. Starmer meets her after returning from Washington, where he and US President Joe Biden discussed Ukraine's plea to use Western-supplied missiles to strike targets deep inside Russia.
ADVERTISEMENTUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has been pressing allies to allow his forces to use Western weapons to target air bases and launch sites inside Russia as Moscow steps up assaults on Ukraine's electricity grid and utilities before winter. Russian President Vladimir Putin has said that would mean NATO countries "are at war with Russia".
So far, the US hasn't announced a change to its policy of allowing Kyiv to use American-provided weapons only in a limited area inside Russia's border with Ukraine.