By Tomiris Bilyal
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Kazakhstan marks three decades of its Constitution, underlining reforms on governance, human rights and citizen participation in decision-making.
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Kazakhstan is marking the 30th anniversary of its Constitution, first adopted by referendum in 1995. The country has revised its Fundamental Law six times, with the most significant reform in 2022 introducing a single seven-year presidential term, strengthening parliament and abolishing the death penalty.
A re-established Constitutional Court now allows citizens to challenge laws. The OSCE has welcomed the Constitution’s “evolutionary character”, while over 11,000 appeals have already been lodged. Direct elections of local mayors have also been expanded, allowing greater citizen involvement in governance.
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